📉Graphical Representation: Sparklines (Just the Quotes)

"A sparkline is a small, intense, simple, word-sized graphic with typographic resolution. Sparklines mean that graphics are no longer cartoonish special occasions with captions and boxes, but rather sparkline graphics can be everywhere a word or number can be: embedded in a sentence, table, headline, map, spreadsheet, graphic." (Edward R Tufte, "Beautiful Evidence", 2006)

"By segregating evidence by mode (word, number, image, graph), the current-day computer approach contradicts the spirit of sparklines, a spirit that makes no distinction among words, numbers, graphics, images. It is all evidence, after all. A good system for evidence display should be centered on evidence, not on a collection of application programs each devoted to a single mode of information." (Edward R Tufte, "Beautiful Evidence", 2006)

"By showing recent change in relation to many past changes, sparklines provide a context for nuanced analysis - and, one hopes, better decisions. [...] Sparklines efficiently display and narrate binary data (presence/absence, occurrence/non-occurrence, win/loss). [...] Sparklines can simultaneously accommodate several variables. [...] Sparklines can narrate on-going results detail for any process producing sequential binary outcomes." (Edward R Tufte, "Beautiful Evidence", 2006)

"Sparklines are word-like graphics, With an intensity of visual distinctions comparable to words and letters. [...] Words visually present both an overall shape and letter-by-letter detail; since most readers have seen the word previously, the visual task is usually one of quick recognition. Sparklines present an overall shape and aggregate pattern along with plenty of local detail. Sparklines are read the same way as words, although much more carefully and slowly." (Edward R Tufte, "Beautiful Evidence", 2006)

"Sparklines vastly increase the amount of data within our eye-span and intensify statistical graphics up to the everyday routine capabilities of the human eye-brain system for reasoning about visual evidence, seeing distinctions, and making comparisons. [...] Providing a straightforward and contextual look at intense evidence, sparkline graphics give us some chance to be approximately right rather than exactly wrong."  (Edward R Tufte, "Beautiful Evidence", 2006)

"Sparklines work at intense resolutions, at the level of good typography and cartography. [...] Just as sparklines are like words, so then distributions of sparklines on a page are like sentences and paragraphs. The graphical idea here is make it word-like and typographic - an idea that leads to reasonable answers for most questions about sparkline arrangements." (Edward R Tufte, "Beautiful Evidence", 2006)

"These little data lines, because of their active quality over time, are named sparklines - small, high-resolution graphics usually embedded in a full context of words, numbers, images. Sparklines are data words: data-intense, design-simple, word-sized graphics." (Edward R Tufte, "Beautiful Evidence", 2006)

"Sparklines are compact line graphs that do not have a quantitative scale. They are meant to provide a quick sense of a metric's movement or trend, usually over time. They are more expressive than arrows, which only indicate change from the prior period and do not qualify the degree of change. Sparklines are significantly more compact than normal line graphs but are precise." (Wayne W Eckerson, "Performance Dashboards: Measuring, Monitoring, and Managing Your Business", 2010)

"The biggest difference between line graphs and sparklines is that a sparkline is compact with no grid lines. It isn't meant to give precise values; rather, it should be considered just like any other word in the sentence. Its general shape acts as another term and lends additional meaning in its context. The driving forces behind these compact sparklines are speed and convenience." (Brian Suda, "A Practical Guide to Designing with Data", 2010)

"Sparklines aren't necessarily a variation on the line chart, rather, a clever use of them. [...] They take advantage of our visual perception capabilities to discriminate changes even at such a low resolution in terms of size. They facilitate opportunities to construct particularly dense visual displays of data in small space and so are particularly applicable for use on dashboards." (Andy Kirk, "Data Visualization: A successful design process", 2012)

"Line graphs that show more than one line can be useful for making comparisons, but sometimes it is important to discuss each individual line. By using sparklines evaluators can call attention to and discuss individual cases. Sparklines can be embedded within a sentence to illustrate a trend and help stakeholders better understand the data. Evaluators can use this simple visualization when creating reports." (Christopher Lysy, "Developments in Quantitative Data Display and Their Implications for Evaluation", 2013)

"Using sparklines is not as simple as it might seem. You must ensure that variation is as clear as possible. […] Sparklines are an interesting concept, but there are a few issues associated with their extreme miniaturization, among which is the removal of the vertical axes and the consequent absence of quantitative references." (Jorge Camões, "Data at Work: Best practices for creating effective charts and information graphics in Microsoft Excel", 2016)

"Sparklines focus on the trend over time and the direction rather than the actual values. Sparklines are used to visualize volatility or outliers. They are usually kept quite narrow on dashboards but still maintain an aspect ratio of 2:3." (Lorna Brown, "Tableau Desktop Cookbook", 2020)