🛢DBMS: Rollback (Definitions)

"A Transact-SQL statement used with a user-defined transaction (before a commit transaction has been received) that cancels the transaction and undoes any changes that were made to the database." (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"Rollback of a user-specified transaction to the last savepoint inside a transaction or to the beginning of a transaction." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"Terminates a transaction so that all resources updated within a transaction revert to the original state before the transaction started." (Atul Apte, "Java Connector Architecture: Building Custom Connectors and Adapters", 2002)

"The point in a transaction when all updates to any resources involved in the transaction are reversed." (Kim Haase et al, "The J2EE Tutorial", 2002)

"To remove the updates performed by one or more partially completed transactions. Rollbacks are required to restore the integrity of a database after an application, database, or system failure." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"Rolling back a transaction means you are undoing the actual transaction you are currently in." (Joseph L Jorden & Dandy Weyn, "MCTS Microsoft SQL Server 2005: Implementation and Maintenance Study Guide - Exam 70-431", 2006)

"This command undoes any database changes not yet committed to the database using the COMMIT command." (Gavin Powell, "Beginning Database Design", 2006)

"A DBMS recovery technique that aborts active applications and attempts to reinstate the state of the database prior to initiating the applications active at the time the database failed." (S. Sumathi & S. Esakkirajan, "Fundamentals of Relational Database Management Systems", 2007)

"A process that reverts writes operations to ensure the consistency of all replica set members." (MongoDb, "Glossary", 2008)

"Undoes changes performed within a transaction before the transaction is committed." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2008)

"An operation that returns the database to a previous state. The transaction can be rolled back completely, canceling a pending transaction, or to a specified point. Rollbacks allow the database to be restored to a valid state if invalid operations are performed or after the database server fails." (John Goodson & Robert A Steward, "The Data Access Handbook", 2009)

"A SQL command that restores the database table contents to their original condition (the condition that existed after the last COMMIT statement)." (Carlos Coronel et al, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management" 9th Ed., 2011)

"To undo the database statements performed prior to a commit of the transaction." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"An operation that ends a current transaction and cancels all the recent changes to the database until the previous checkpoint/ commit point." (Adam Gordon, "Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK" 4th Ed., 2015)

"The process of restoring a set of data or process state to a previous consistent state saved through a checkpoint operation." (O Sami Saydjari, "Engineering Trustworthy Systems: Get Cybersecurity Design Right the First Time", 2018)

🛢DBMS: Roll Forward (Definitions)

"To recover from disasters, such as media failure, by reading the transaction log and reapplying all readable and complete transactions. See also roll back." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"To apply all the completed transactions from a database or log backup in order to recover a database to a point in time or the point of failure." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"To apply logged changes to data in a roll forward set to bring the data forward in time." (Thomas Moore, "MCTS 70-431: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2005", 2006)

"The process of applying committed transactions. As a part of the recovery process, committed transactions are rolled forward to ensure the database is recovered in a consistent state with the changed data in the database." (Darril Gibson, "MCITP SQL Server 2005 Database Developer All-in-One Exam Guide", 2008)

"To apply logged changes to the data in a roll forward set to bring the data forward in time." (SQL Server 2012 Glossary, "Microsoft", 2012)

"To update the data in a restored database or table space by applying changes recorded in the database log files." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

🛢DBMS: Roll Back (Definitions)

"To remove partially completed transactions after a database or other system failure." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"To reverse changes made by transactions that were uncommitted at the point in time to which a database is being recovered." (Thomas Moore, "MCTS 70-431: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2005", 2006)

"To reverse or undo changes made so far." (Marilyn Miller-White et al, "MCITP Administrator: Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2005 Optimization and Maintenance 70-444", 2007)

"The process of undoing uncommitted transactions. As a part of the recovery process, uncommitted transactions are rolled back to ensure the database is recovered in a consistent state." (Darril Gibson, "MCITP SQL Server 2005 Database Developer All-in-One Exam Guide", 2008)

"Undo the changes made by a transaction, restoring the database to the state it was in before the transaction began." (Jan L Harrington, "Relational Database Design and Implementation" 3rd Ed., 2009)

"End a transaction, undoing any changes made by the transaction and restoring the database to the state it was in before the transaction began." (Jan L Harrington, "SQL Clearly Explained" 3rd Ed., 2010)

"To reverse changes." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

"To undo the database statements performed prior to a commit of the transaction." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration", 2012)

"To restore data that is changed by an SQL statement to the state at its last commit point." (IBM, "Informix Servers 12.1", 2014)

"To return to a previous version, as in rolling back a device driver." (Faithe Wempen, "Computing Fundamentals: Introduction to Computers", 2015)

"To restore data that is changed by an SQL statement to the state at its last commit point." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

 "To return the values changed by a transaction to their original state." (Microsoft, "ODBC Glossary")

🛢DBMS: Savepoint (Definitions)

"A marker that the user includes in a user-defined transaction. When transactions are rolled back, they can be rolled back only to the savepoint." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"A marker that allows an application to roll back part of a transaction if a minor error is encountered. The application must still commit or roll back the full transaction when it is complete." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A location to which a transaction can return if part of the transaction is conditionally canceled or encounters an error, hence offering a mechanism to roll back portions of transactions." (SQL Server 2012 Glossary, "Microsoft", 2012)

"A named entity that represents the state of data and schemas at a particular point in time within a unit of work." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

[nested savepoint] "A savepoint that is included or positioned within another savepoint. Nested savepoints allow an application to have multiple levels of savepoints active at a time and allow the application to roll back to any active savepoint as required." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

 "A marker that allows an application to roll back part of a transaction if a minor error is encountered." (Microsoft Technet)

"A named SCN in a transaction to which the transaction can be rolled back." (Oracle, "Oracle Database Concepts")

"Savepoints help to implement nested transactions. They can be used to provide scope to operations on tables that are part of a larger transaction. For example, scheduling a trip in a reservation system might involve booking several different flights; if a desired flight is unavailable, you might roll back the changes involved in booking that one leg, without rolling back the earlier flights that were successfully booked." (MySQL, "MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual Glossary")