16 February 2021

Python: Drawing Concentric Circles with matplotlib.pyplot

Today I tried using for the first time the matplotlib library for drawing a few concentric circles, though it proved to be a bit more challenging than expected, as the circles were distorted given the scale differences between x and y axis. Because of this the circles displayed via the Circle class (in blue) seem to be displayed as ellipses. To show the difference I used  trigonometric functions to draw the circles (in green) by applying a 5/7.5 multiplication factor for the x axis:

And here's the code:

import numpy as np
import math as m
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

axis_dimensions = [-100,100, -100,100] #dimensions axis
dx=10       #distance between ticks on x axis 
dy=10       #distance between ticks on y axis
sfx = 5/7.5 #scale factor for x axis
r= 50       #radius

#drawing the grid
plt.axis(axis_dimensions)
plt.axis('on')
plt.grid(True, color='gray')
plt.xticks(np.arange(axis_dimensions[0], axis_dimensions[1], dx))
plt.yticks(np.arange(axis_dimensions[2], axis_dimensions[3], dy))

#adding labels
plt.title('Circles')
plt.xlabel('x axis')
plt.ylabel('y axis')

#drawing the geometric figures
for i in range(0,51,10):
    for angle in np.arange(m.radians(0),m.radians(360),m.radians(2)):
        #drawing circles via trigonometric functions
        x = (r+i)*m.cos(angle)*sfx
        y = (r+i)*m.sin(angle)
        plt.scatter(x,y,s=2,color ='g')
        
    #drawing with circles
    circle = plt.Circle((0,0),r+i,color='b', fill=False)
    plt.gca().add_patch(circle)

plt.show()

Happy coding!

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