"Co-ordinate ruling does not appear prominently on most original charts because the ruling is usually printed in some color of ink distinct from the curve itself. When, however, a chart is reproduced in a line engraving the co-ordinate lines come out the same color as the curve or other important data, and there may be too little contrast to assist the reader." (Willard C Brinton, "Graphic Methods for Presenting Facts", 1919)
"Correct emphasis is basic to effective graphic presentation. Intensity of color is the simplest method of obtaining emphasis. For most reproduction purposes black ink on a white page is most generally used. Screens, dots and lines can, of course, be effectively used to give a gradation of tone from light grey to solid black. When original charts are the subjects of display presentation, use of colors is limited only by the subject and the emphasis desired." (Anna C Rogers, "Graphic Charts Handbook", 1961)
"Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space." (Edward R Tufte, "The Visual Display of Quantitative Information", 1983)
"Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data - a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink in the smallest space. Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate. And graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data." (Edward R Tufte, "The Visual Display of Quantitative Information", 1983)
"The interior decoration of graphics generates a lot of ink that does not tell the viewer anything new. The purpose of decoration varies - to make the graphic appear more scientific and precise, to enliven the display, to give the designer an opportunity to exercise artistic skills. Regardless of its cause, it is all non-data-ink or redundant data-ink, and it is often chartjunk. " (Edward R Tufte, "The Visual Display of Quantitative Information", 1983)
"A convenient measure of the extent to which this practice is in use is Tufte's 'data-ink ratio'. This measure is the ratio of the amount of ink used in graphing the data to the total amount of ink in the graph. The closer to zero this ratio gets, the worse the graph. The notion of the data-ink ratio brings us to the second principle of bad data display." (Howard Wainer, "How to Display Data Badly", The American Statistician Vol. 38(2), 1984)
"Graphics are almost always going to improve as they go through editing, revision, and testing against different design options. The principles of maximizing data-ink and erasing generate graphical alternatives and also suggest a direction in which revisions should move." (Edward R Tufte, "Data-Ink Maximization and Graphical Design", Oikos Vol. 58 (2), 1990)
"Maximizing data ink (within reason) is but a single dimension of a complex and multivariate design task. The principle helps conduct experiments in graphical design. Some of those experiments will succeed. There remain, however, many other considerations in the design of statistical graphics - not only of efficiency, but also of complexity, structure, density, and even beauty." (Edward R Tufte, "Data-Ink Maximization and Graphical Design", Oikos Vol. 58 (2), 1990)
"This pie chart violates several of the rules suggested by the question posed in the introduction. First, immediacy: the reader has to turn to the legend to find out what the areas represent; and the lack of color makes it very difficult to determine which area belongs to what code. Second, the underlying structure of the data is completely ignored. Third, a tremendous amount of ink is used to display eight simple numbers." (Gerald van Belle, "Statistical Rules of Thumb", 2002)
"Graphical illustrations should be simple and pleasing to the eye, but the presentation must remain scientific. In other words, we want to avoid those graphical features that are purely decorative while keeping a critical eye open for opportunities to enhance the scientific inference we expect from the reader. A good graphical design should maximize the proportion of the ink used for communicating scientific information in the overall display." (Phillip I Good & James W Hardin, "Common Errors in Statistics" (and How to Avoid Them)", 2003)
"Aligning on data ink can be a powerful way to build relationships across charts. It can be used to obscure the lines between charts, making the composition feel more seamless. [....] Alignment paradigms can also influence the layout design needed. [...] The layout added to the alignment further supports this relationship." (Vidya Setlur & Bridget Cogley, "Functional Aesthetics for data visualization", 2022)
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