"A combination of components working together. For example, a computer system includes both hardware and software." (Timothy J Kloppenborg et al, "Project Leadership", 2003)
"A part of the world that is the subject of a model, communication, or reasoning. In the context of this book the word system is most commonly used for a software system." (Anneke Kleppe et al, "MDA Explained: The Model Driven Architecture: Practice and Promise", 2003)
"A collection of interrelated components that operate together to achieve some desired function, and support organizational mission or business objectives. A system may include software, hardware, and operational data. A system is operated by people. The word system often connotes a large product designed to meet the needs of a particular group of users." (Richard D Stutzke, "Estimating Software-Intensive Systems: Projects, Products, and Processes", 2005)
"An integrated group of subsystems, subassemblies, and components that make up a functioning unit that harmonizes the mass, energy and information flows, and transformations of the elements to provide an overall product output that fulfills the customer-based requirements." (Clyde M Creveling, "Six Sigma for Technical Processes: An Overview for R Executives, Technical Leaders, and Engineering Managers", 2006)
"[...] a business system (not just the computer or the software system)." (Suzanne Robertson & James Robertson, "Mastering the Requirements Process" 2nd Ed., 2006)
"Product or product component that in turn consists of interacting subsystems." (Lars Dittmann et al, "Automotive SPICE in Practice", 2008)
"A system is a compound entity (i.e. has parts within) that produces results above and beyond the sum of the contributions of its parts. Systems produce results determined by their structure. Systems mayor may not have been consciously designed." (Aldo Romano & Giustina Secundo (Eds.),, "Dynamic Learning Networks: Models and Cases in Action", 2009)
"A combination of hardware, software, and data devices." (Janice M Roehl-Anderson, "IT Best Practices for Financial Managers", 2010)
"A mechanism type that consists of one or more linked computers, along with associated software." (David C Hay, "Data Model Patterns: A Metadata Map", 2010)
"A set of interacting or interdependent computer hardware and software components forming an integrated unit. In this book, the terms system and application are often used interchangeably. A business system supports capabilities in a particular business domain (such as finance, marketing, manufacturing, sales, etc.), whereas an integration system supports capabilities in a particular integration discipline (such as data integration, process integration, data quality, business intelligence, etc.). See also the definition for system-of-systems." (David Lyle & John G Schmidt, "Lean Integration", 2010)
"An interacting and interdependent group of component items forming a unified whole to achieve a common purpose." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)
"A system is a set of connected things forming a complex whole (NOAD). Systems are often understood as mechanisms, but they can also comprise a set of principles or a method for doing things. In modern organizations, the term system is used to refer to information technology applications that carry out work needed by an organization. An example is a system for processing claims or one for inventorying products." (Laura Sebastian-Coleman, "Measuring Data Quality for Ongoing Improvement ", 2012)
"Connecting aspects of a complex whole; interconnectedness; interdependence." (Joan C Dessinger, "Fundamentals of Performance Improvement 3rd Ed", 2012)
"A collection of various components that together can produce results not obtainable by the components alone." (Project Management Institute, "Navigating Complexity: A Practice Guide", 2014)
"A collection of components that operate together to achieve a larger function." (O Sami Saydjari, "Engineering Trustworthy Systems: Get Cybersecurity Design Right the First Time", 2018)
"A system is a framework that orders and sequences activity within the organisation to achieve a purpose within a band of variance that is acceptable to the owner of the system. Systems are the organisational equivalent of behaviour in human interaction. Systems are the means by which organisations put policies into action. It is the owner of a system who has the authority to change it, hence his or her clear acceptance of the degree of variation generated by the existing system." (Catherine Burke et al, "Systems Leadership" 2nd Ed., 2018)
"An integrated set of regularly interacting or interdependent components created to accomplish a defined objective, with defined and maintained relationships among its components, and the whole producing or operating better than the simple sum of its components." (Project Management Institute, "Practice Standard for Scheduling" 3rd Ed., 2019)
"A collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions." (IEEE 610)
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