IT: Expert System (Definitions)

"A data processing system composed of a knowledge base (rules), an inference engine, and a working memory." (Joseph P Bigus, "Data Mining with Neural Networks: Solving Business Problems fromApplication Development to Decision Support", 1996)

"A computer system that tries to simulate a human expert. A search tree and method of traversal in artificial intelligence. The expert provides her knowledge as if-then rules and a programmer codes these in software. Expert systems define a large logic tree or several small trees. The expert system has two parts: the knowledge base and the inference engine. The knowledge base is just the tree or trees of bivalent rules. The inference engine is some scheme for reasoning or 'chaining' the rules. Fuzzy systems are a type of expert system since they too store knowledge as rules, but as fuzzy rules or fuzzy patches. Expert systems work with black-white logic and symbols. Fuzzy systems work with fuzzy sets and have a numerical or mathematical basis that permits both mathematical analysis and simple chip design." (Guido Deboeck & Teuvo Kohonen (Eds), "Visual Explorations in Finance with Self-Organizing Maps 2nd Ed.", 2000)

"A computer program that has a deep understanding of a topic, and can simulate a human expert, asking and answering questions and making decisions." (Craig F Smith & H Peter Alesso, "Thinking on the Web: Berners-Lee, Gödel and Turing", 2008)

"An artificial intelligence system driven by rules based on the skills and experience of one or more experts in a given field, so the system processes information the same way an expert person does. Expert systems are deterministic, versus neural networks, which are non-deterministic." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"A software system based on the knowledge of human experts" (Nell Dale & John Lewis, "Computer Science Illuminated" 6th Ed., 2015)

"Fall under the computer applications category of artificial intelligence. Composed of a knowledge base, an inference system, and a human machine interface." (Joan C Dessinger, "Fundamentals of Performance Improvement 3rd Ed", 2012)

"A computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. Inference in expert systems applies logical rules to a knowledge base and deduces new knowledge from it." (Accenture)