"A method of organizing data into two-dimensional tables made up of rows and columns. The model is based on the mathematical theory of relations, a part of set theory." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)
"A model that provides a two-dimensional structure to data. The relational database model more or less throws out the window the concept and restriction of a hierarchical structure, but does not completely abandon data hierarchies. Any table can be accessed directly with having to access all parent objects. Precise data values (such as primary keys) are required to facilitate skirting the hierarchy (to find individual records) in specific tables." (Gavin Powell, "Beginning Database Design", 2006)
"A paradigm for describing the structure of a database in which entities are represented as tables, and relationships between the entities are represented by matching data." (Jan L Harrington, "Relational Database Design and Implementation" 3rd Ed., 2009)
"The relational model, based on mathematical set theory, represents data as independent relations. Each relation (table) is conceptually represented as a matrix of intersecting rows and columns. The relations are related to each other through the sharing of common entity characteristics (values in columns)." (Carlos Coronel et al, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management" 9th Ed., 2011)
"A database model based on first-order predicate logic [...]" (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures", 2012)
"A form of data where data is normalized" (Daniel Linstedt & W H Inmon, "Data Architecture: A Primer for the Data Scientist", 2014)
"A type of model that aims to identify relationships of interest and quantify the strength of relationship between individuals or entities. Common examples include market basket analysis and social network analysis." (Evan Stubbs, "Big Data, Big Innovation", 2014)
"Data represented as a set of related tables or relations." (Jeffrey A Hoffer et al, "Modern Systems Analysis and Design" 7th Ed., 2014)
"A database model in which data and the relationships among them are organized into tables" (Nell Dale & John Lewis, "Computer Science Illuminated" 6th Ed., 2015)
"Relational modeling is a popular data modeling technique to reduce the duplication of data and ensure the referential integrity of the data." (Piethein Strengholt, "Data Management at Scale", 2020)
"(1) A data model whose pattern or organization is based on a set of relations, each of which consists of an unordered set of tuples. (2) A data model that provides for the expression of relationships among data elements as formal mathematical relations." (IEEE 610.5-1990)
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