🛢DBMS: Trigger (Definitions)

"A special form of stored procedure that goes into effect when a user gives a change command such as insert, delete, or update to a specified table or column. Triggers are often used to enforce referential integrity." (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"A special form of stored procedure that goes into effect when data within a table is modified. Triggers are often created to enforce integrity or consistency among logically related data in different tables." (Patrick Dalton, "Microsoft SQL Server Black Book", 1997)

"A special type of stored procedure that is set off by actions taken on a table. Triggers allow for complex relationships between tables and complex business rules to be checked automatically." (Owen Williams, "MCSE TestPrep: SQL Server 6.5 Design and Implementation", 1998)

"A stored procedure that executes automatically when data in a specified table is modified. Triggers are often created to enforce referential integrity or consistency among logically related data in different tables." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"Code stored in the database that executes automatically when certain events occur. Traditionally associated only with table write events such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE, newer versions of Oracle provide the ability to define triggers on views and on other system events such as logon, logoff, and system error." (Bill Pribyl & Steven Feuerstein, "Learning Oracle PL/SQL", 2001)

"A stored procedure that executes when data in a specified table is modified. Triggers are often created to enforce referential integrity or consistency among logically related data in different tables." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A trigger is a stored procedure that is fired when data is modified from a table using any of the three modification statements: DELETE, INSERT, or UPDATE. FOR and AFTER are synonymous, and are usually implied when referring to triggers, rather than INSTEAD OF triggers. Triggers are often created to enforce referential integrity or consistency among logically related data in different tables." (Thomas Moore, "EXAM CRAM™ 2: Designing and Implementing Databases with SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition", 2005)

"A chunk of code that executes when a specified event occurs, usually before or after an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE command." (Gavin Powell, "Beginning Database Design", 2006)

"A database method that is automatically invoked as the result of Data Manipulation Language (DML) activity within a persistence mechanism." (Pramod J Sadalage & Scott W Ambler, "Refactoring Databases: Evolutionary Database Design", 2006)

"A stored procedure that is fired when data is modified from a table using any of the three modification statements DELETE, INSERT, or UPDATE. FOR and AFTER are synonymous and are usually implied when referring to triggers rather than INSTEAD OF triggers. Triggers are often created to enforce referential integrity or consistency among logically related data in different tables." (Thomas Moore, "MCTS 70-431: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2005", 2006)

"A stored procedure that executes when certain conditions occurs such as when a record is created, modified, or deleted. Triggers can perform special actions such as creating other records or validating changes." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2008)

"A type of stored procedure that fires in response to action on a table. DML triggers are associated with INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. DDL triggers are associated with CREATE, ALTER, and DROP statements." (Darril Gibson, "MCITP SQL Server 2005 Database Developer All-in-One Exam Guide", 2008)

"Stored in, and managed by, your database server, this software is executed when a certain event occurs. These events can range from information creation or modification to structural changes to your database. When the event occurs, the trigger is executed, causing a pre-determined set of actions to take place. These actions can encompass data validation, alerts, warnings, and other administrative operations. Triggers can invoke other triggers and stored procedures." (Robert D. Schneider and Darril Gibson, "Microsoft SQL Server 2008 All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies", 2008)

"A stored procedure that executes in response to a Data Manipulation Language (DML) or Data Definition Language (DDL) event." (Jim Joseph, "Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services Unleashed", 2009)

"A SQL program module that is executed when a specific data modification activity occurs. Triggers are stored in the database they manipulate." (Jan L Harrington, "SQL Clearly Explained" 3rd Ed., 2010)

"A stored procedure that can be triggered and executed automatically when a database operation such as insert, update, or delete takes place." (Paulraj Ponniah, "Data Warehousing Fundamentals for IT Professionals", 2010)

"A procedural SQL code that is automatically invoked by the relational database management system upon the occurrence of a data manipulation event." (Carlos Coronel et al, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management" 9th Ed., 2011)

"A software routine guaranteed to execute when an event occurs. Often a trigger will monitor changes to data values. A trigger includes a monitoring procedure, a set or range of values to check data integrity, and one or more procedures invoked in response, which may update other data or fulfill a data subscription." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"An event that causes a handler to be run." (Jon Orwant et al, "Programming Perl, 4th Ed.", 2012)

"An event-driven specialized procedure that is attached to database tables; typically implemented to support data integrity requirements." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration", 2012)

"A database object that is associated with a single base table or view and that defines a rule. The rule consists of a set of SQL statements that runs when an insert, update, or delete database operation occurs on the associated base table or view." (IBM, "Informix Servers 12.1", 2014)

"A database object that is associated with a single base table or view and that defines a rule. The rule consists of a set of SQL statements that runs when an insert, update, or delete database operation occurs on the associated base table or view." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

 "A PL/SQL or Java procedure that fires when a table or view is modified or when specific user or database actions occur. Procedures are explicitly run, whereas triggers are implicitly run." (Oracle, "Oracle Database Concepts")

"A stored procedure that executes in response to a data manipulation language (DML) or data definition language (DDL) event." (Microsoft Technet,)