🛢DBMS: Semantic Data Model (Definitions)

"Semantic data model provides a vocabulary for expressing the meaning as well as the structure of database data." (S. Sumathi & S. Esakkirajan, "Fundamentals of Relational Database Management Systems", 2007)

"A design tool for databases that uses concept-level language elements. The main role of semantic models is that they can provide an abstract approach; they are easy to understand and they provide database independence." (László Kovács et al, "Ontology-Based Semantic Models for Databases", 2009) 

"A high level data model. It is usually based on concepts and it uses a graphical formalism. It contains only the key, the semantic properties of the data structure. It does not cover the details of the implementation." (László Kovács & Tanja Sieber, "Multi-Layered Semantic Data Models",  Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence, 2009)

"A conceptual data model that provides structure and defines meaning for non-tabular data, making that meaning explicit enough that a human or software agent can reason about it." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"A semantic data model is a conceptual data model with semantic information included." (Michael M David & Lee Fesperman, "Advanced SQL Dynamic Data Modeling and Hierarchical Processing", 2013)

"The first of a series of data models that more closely represented the real world, modeling both data and their relationships in a single structure known as an object. The SDM, published in 1981, was developed by M. Hammer and D. McLeod." (Carlos Coronel & Steven Morris, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management" 11th  Ed., 2014)

"The development of descriptions and representations of data in such a way that the latter’s meaning is explicit, accurate, and commonly understood by both humans and computer systems." (Panos Alexopoulos, "Semantic Modeling for Data", 2020)

"The semantic data model is a method of structuring data in order to represent it in a specific logical way. It is a conceptual data model that includes semantic information that adds a basic meaning to the data and the relationships that lie between them. This approach to data modeling and data organization allows for the easy development of application programs and also for the easy maintenance of data consistency when data is updated." (Techopedia) [source]