"Linking the basic parts are communication, balance or system parts maintained in harmonious relationship with each other and decision making. The system theory include both man-machine and interpersonal relationships. Goals, man, machine, method, and process are woven together into a dynamic unity which reacts." (George R Terry, "Principles of Management", 1960)
"Industrial production, the flow of resources in the economy, the exertion of military effort in a war theater-all are complexes of numerous interrelated activities. Differences may exist in the goals to be achieved, the particular processes involved, and the magnitude of effort. Nevertheless, it is possible to abstract the underlying essential similarities in the management of these seemingly disparate systems." (George Dantzig, "Linear programming and extensions", 1963)
"The aim of systems theory for business is to develop an objective, understandable environment for decision making; that is, if the system within which managers make the decisions can be provided as an explicit framework, then such decision making should be easier to handle." (Richard A Johnson et al, "Systems Theory and Management", Management Science Vol. 10 (2), 1964)
"System theory is basically concerned with problems of
relationships, of structure, and of interdependence rather than with the
constant attributes of objects. In general approach it resembles field theory
except that its dynamics deal with temporal as well as spatial patterns. Older
formulations of system constructs dealt with the closed systems of the physical
sciences, in which relatively self-contained structures could be treated
successfully as if they were independent of external forces. But living
systems, whether biological organisms or social organizations, are acutely
dependent on their external environment and so must be conceived of as open
systems." (Daniel Katz, "The Social Psychology of
Organizations", 1966)
"Clearly, if it is possible to have a self-regulating system that implicitly arranges its own stability, then this is of the keenest management interest." (Anthony S Beer, "Management Science", 1968)
"The management of a system has to deal with the generation of the plans for the system, i. e., consideration of all of the things we have discussed, the overall goals, the environment, the utilization of resources and the components. The management sets the component goals, allocates the resources, and controls the system performance." (C West Churchman, "The Systems Approach", 1968)
"Perhaps the most important single characteristic of modern organizational cybernetics is this: That in addition to concern with the deleterious impacts of rigidly-imposed notions of what constitutes the application of good 'principles of organization and management' the organization is viewed as a subsystem of a larger system(s), and as comprised itself of functionally interdependent subsystems." (Richard F Ericson, "Organizational cybernetics and human values", 1969)
"Organizationally what is required - and evolving - is systems management." (Peter Drucker, "MANAGEMENT: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices", 1973)
"The subject of study in systems theory is not a 'physical
object', a chemical or social phenomenon, for example, but a 'system': a formal
relationship between observed features or attributes. For conceptual reasons,
the language used in describing the behavior of systems is that of information
processing and goal seeking (decision making control)." (Mihajlo D
Mesarovic & Y Takahara, "Foundations for the mathematical theory of
general systems", 1975)
"Systems theory looks at the world in terms of the interrelatedness and interdependence of all phenomena, and in this framework an integrated whole whose properties cannot be reduced to those of its parts is called a system. Living organisms, societies, and ecosystems are all systems." (Fritjof Capra, "The Turning Point: Science, Society, and the Turning Culture", 1982)
"The supposition is prevalent the world over that there would be no problems in production or service if only our production workers would do their jobs in the way that they we taught. Pleasant dreams. The workers are handicapped by the system, and the system belongs to the management." (W Edwards Deming, "Out Of The Crisis", 1982)
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