"A measure of the numbers and types of interrelationships among system elements. Generally speaking, the more complex a system, the more difficult it is to design, build, and use." (Atul Apte, "Java Connector Architecture: Building Custom Connectors and Adapters", 2002)
"Expresses a condition of numerous elements in a system and numerous forms of relationships among the elements. In general usage, complexity tends to be used to characterize something with many parts in intricate arrangement. In science there are at this time a number of approaches to characterizing complexity." (Aldo Romano & Giustina Secundo (Eds.),, "Dynamic Learning Networks: Models and Cases in Action", 2009)
"How difficult the new product will be perceived by the end-user. High complexity can become a barrier to diffusion." (Gina C O'Connor & V K Narayanan, "Encyclopedia of Technology and Innovation Management", 2010)
"The degree to which the new system is perceived to be difficult to understand and use, measured on a continuum from easy to difficult." (Linda Volonino & Efraim Turban, "Information Technology for Management" 8th Ed,, 2011)
"A characteristic of a program or project or its environment, which is difficult to manage due to human behavior, system behavior, and ambiguity." (Project Management Institute, "Navigating Complexity: A Practice Guide", 2014)
"An interdisciplinary lens through which to articulate the learning behaviours in/of systems wherein perpetual emergence and adaption occurs. Central to the understanding of complexity is the notion that individual agents within the system are involved in continuously negotiated and in-flux self-organization and decentralized control." (Kathy Sanford & Tim Hopper, "Digital Media in the Classroom: Emergent Perspectives for 21st Century Learners", Handbook of Research on Digital Media and Creative Technologies, 2015)
"Complexity is a phenomenon that involves a lot of interaction and interference between a very large number of units." (Mauro Chiarella, "Folds and Refolds: Space Generation, Shapes, and Complex Components", 2016)
"The condition of having many diverse and autonomous but interrelated and interdependent components linked through many dense interconnections." (Kijpokin Kasemsap, "Utilizing Complexity Theory and Complex Adaptive Systems in Global Business", Handbook of Research on Chaos and Complexity Theory in the Social Sciences, 2016)
"Refers to the inherent difficulty in accomplishing a computational task such as sorting a list or establishing the trustworthiness of an entire system." (O Sami Saydjari, "Engineering Trustworthy Systems: Get Cybersecurity Design Right the First Time", 2018)
"(1) The degree to which a system or component has a design or implementation that is difficult to understand and verify. (2) Pertaining to any of a set of structure-based metrics that measure the attribute in (1)." (IEEE Std 610.12-1990)
"The degree to which a component or system has a design and/or internal structure that is difficult to understand, maintain and verify." (SQA)
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