"simplified and approximative description of a system or process, based on a finite set of essential variables and their analytically definable behavior." (Teuvo Kohonen, "Self-Organizing Maps" 3rd Ed., 2001)
"(i) An abstract, self-contained logical definition of the data structures and associated operators that make up the abstract machine with which users interact (such as the relational model of data). (ii) A model of the persistent data of some enterprise" (Keith Gordon, "Principles of Data Management", 2007)
"A means of encapsulating the data elements that were decided on by the business experts, in conjunction with the data stewards and IT professionals. The data models reflect an organization’s business as represented in the data." (Tony Fisher, "The Data Asset", 2009)
"An abstraction of how individual data elements relate to each other. It visually depicts how the data is to be organized and stored in a database. A data model provides the mechanism to document and understand how data is organized." (Laura Reeves, "A Manager's Guide to Data Warehousing", 2009)
"An organization of data that describes the relationships among primitive and composite data elements." (Toby J. Teorey, "Database Modeling and Design" 4th Ed., 2010)
"A model of the structure (and to some extent the content) of a database and at least some of the rules governing the data therein." (Graham Witt, "Writing Effective Business Rules", 2012)
"A data model is a visual representation of data content and the relationships, created for purposes of understanding how data is or might be organized, and for ensuring the comprehensibility and usability of that way of organizing data." (Laura Sebastian-Coleman, "Measuring Data Quality for Ongoing Improvement", 2013)
"Represents data objects and their relationships with each other. Data models form the basis for data integration at the conceptual level as well as the improvement of data quality, such as with regard to the reduction of data redundancy. Data models are one component of the data architecture." (Boris Otto & Hubert Österle, "Corporate Data Quality", 2015)
"A template formalizing the relationship between an input and an output. Its structure is fixed but it also has parameters that are modifiable; the parameters are adjusted so that the same model with different parameters can be trained on different data to implement different relationships in different tasks." (Ethem Alpaydın, "Machine learning : the new AI", 2016)
"A visual means of depicting data and its relationship to other data." (Gregory Lampshire et al, "The Data and Analytics Playbook", 2016)
"An abstract representation of a subject that looks and/or behaves like all or part of the original." (George Tillmann, "Usage-Driven Database Design: From Logical Data Modeling through Physical Schmea Definition", 2017)
"In the context of machine learning, a model is a representation of a pattern extracted using machine learning from a data set. Consequently, models are trained, fitted to a data set, or created by running a machine learning algorithm on a data set. Popular model representations include decision trees and neural networks. A prediction model defines a mapping (or function) from a set of input attributes to a value for a target attribute. Once a model has been created, it can then be applied to new instances from the domain. For example, in order to train a spam filter model, we would apply a machine learning algorithm to a data set of historic emails that have been labeled as spam or not spam. Once the model has been trained it can be used to label (or filter) new emails that were not in the original data set." (John D Kelleher & Brendan Tierney, "Data science", 2018)
"An abstract model that describes how data is presented and used." (Piethein Strengholt, "Data Management at Scale", 2020)
"A logical map that represents the inherent properties of the data independent of software, hardware or machine performance considerations. The model shows data elements grouped into records, as well as the association around those records." (Information Management)
"Defines how data is structured, related, and standardized for the purpose of extracting meaningful insight." (Insight Software)
"A data model is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another. Their properties are generally governed by properties of the real world entities." (kloudless)
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