"The process in which, in response to a node or resource failure, resources in a cluster switch ownership and start on another node in the server cluster. This term applies to a server cluster/failover cluster combination only. In log shipping implementations, the similar terms switch and role change are used to describe the change in ownership that occurs between primary and secondary servers." (Allan Hirt et al, "Microsoft SQL Server 2000 High Availability", 2004)
"The ability of a secondary device to take the place of a primary device during failure of the primary device." (Tom Petrocelli, "Data Protection and Information Lifecycle Management", 2005)
"The process that allows a secondary member of a replica set to become primary in the event of a failure." (MongoDb, "Glossary", 2008)
"A backup operation that automatically switches to a standby system if the primary system fails or is taken offline. It is an important fault-tolerant function that provides system availability." (Shon Harris & Fernando Maymi, "CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide" 8th Ed., 2018)
"An automatic operation that switches to a redundant or standby system or node in the event of a software, hardware, or network interruption. See also failback." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)
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