🛢DBMS: Relational Database (Definitions)

"A collection of data arranged in rows and columns and manipulated using relational algebraic operations." (Joseph P Bigus, "Data Mining with Neural Networks: Solving Business Problems from Application Development to Decision Support", 1996)

"A collection of information organized in tables, each of which models a class of objects of interest to the organization [..]" (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"A collection of information organized in tables. Each table models a class of objects of interest to the organization." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A collection of tables that stores data without any assumptions as to how the data is related within the tables or between the tables." (Bob Bryla, "Oracle Database Foundations", 2004)

"A method for storing data in multiple tables, where relationships exist between tables." (Margaret Y Chu, "Blissful Data ", 2004)

"A database in which data is viewed as being stored in tables consisting of columns (data items) and rows (units of information). Data from different tables can be combined to form new data relationships." (Sybase, "Glossary", 2005)

"A collection of information organized in tables. Each table models a class of objects of interest to the organization. Each column in a table models an attribute of the object. Each row in a table represents one entity in the class of objects modeled by the table. Queries can use data from one table to find related data in other tables." (Thomas Moore, "MCTS 70-431: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2005", 2006)

"The set of requirements and fulfilling data that is developed and documented during critical parameter management. They link many-to-many relationships up and down throughout the hierarchy of the system being developed." (Clyde M Creveling, "Six Sigma for Technical Processes: An Overview for R Executives, Technical Leaders, and Engineering Managers", 2006)

"A database that organizes data in the form of tables." (S. Sumathi & S. Esakkirajan, "Fundamentals of Relational Database Management Systems", 2007)

"A database that stores data in tables containing rows and columns, and that allows queries representing relationships among records in different tables." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2008)

"A database where tables hold records containing fields. Fields holding the same values link related tables." (Rod Stephens, "Start Here!™ Fundamentals of Microsoft® .NET Programming", 2011)

"A database for storing structured data. This allows for a fixed format, usually a limited number of values in a defined order." (Kenneth A Shaw, "Integrated Management of Processes and Information", 2013)

"A database in which data is stored in multiple, interrelated tables." (Faithe Wempen, "Computing Fundamentals: Introduction to Computers", 2015)

"A database in which the information is organized into tables related to each other by specific rules." (Mike Harwood, "Internet Security: How to Defend Against Attackers on the Web" 2nd Ed., 2015)

"A database that stores related data in rows and columns in tables." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Software Engineering", 2015)

"Essentially, a collection of tables or lists." (E C Nelson & Stephen L Nelson, "Excel Data Analysis For Dummies ", 2015)

"A database that can be perceived as a set of tables and manipulated in accordance with the relational model of data. Each database includes a set of system catalog tables that describe the logical and physical structure of the data, a configuration file containing the parameter values allocated for the database, and a recovery log with ongoing transactions and archivable transactions." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

"A database or database management system that stores information in tables as rows and columns of data, and conducts searches by using the data in specified columns of one table to find additional data in another table." (Microsoft Technet)

"A database in which data is viewed as being stored in tables consisting of columns (data items) and rows (units of information). Data from different tables can be combined to form new data relationships." (Sybase)

"A database that can be perceived as a set of tables and manipulated in accordance with the relational model of data." (IBM)

"A database that conforms to the relational model, storing data in a set of simple relations." (Oracle)

🛢DBMS: Database [DB] (Definitions)

"A collection of interrelated data stored together in one or more computerized files. (IEEE," IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology", 1990)

"A set of related data tables and other database objects that are organized and presented to serve a specific purpose."  (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"A collection of information, data tables, and other objects that are organized and presented to serve a specific purpose, such as facilitation of searching and sorting data."  (Patrick Dalton, "Microsoft SQL Server Black Book", 1997)

"A preallocated portion of a device used  to store database objects and data. (Rob Scrimger et al, "MCSE TestPrep: SQL Server 6.5  Administration", 1998)

"A collection of information, tables, and other objects organized and presented to serve a specific purpose, such as searching, sorting, or recombining data."  (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A collection of tables that stores data without any assumptions as to how the data is related within the tables or between the tables." (Bob Bryla, "Oracle Database Foundations", 2004)

"A shared collection of logically related data (and a description of this data), designed to meet the information needs of an organization." (Thomas M Connolly & Carolyn E Begg, "Database Solutions: A step-by-step guide to building databases", 2004)

"The collection of all physical files on disk that are associated with a single Oracle instance." (Bob Bryla, "Oracle Database Foundations", 2004)

"A collection of information organized in tables. Each table models a class of objects of interest to the organization. Each column in a table models an attribute of the object. Each row in a table represents one entity in the class of objects modeled by the table. Queries can use data from one table to find related data in other tables." (Thomas Moore, "MCTS 70-431: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2005", 2006)

"A collection of persistent data. In a database, data are modeled in accordance with a database model. This model defines the structure of the data, the constraints for integrity and security, and the behavior of the data." (Slawomir Zadrozny et al, "An Overview of Fuzzy Approaches to Flexible Database Querying", 2008)

"A database that stores data in tables containing rows and columns, and that allows queries representing relationships among records in different tables." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2008)

"An entity that holds data in some useful way and provides CRUD methods. Modern databases also provide sophisticated methods for joining, sorting, grouping, and otherwise manipulating the data."  (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2008)

"A collection of information, tables, and other objects organized and presented to serve a specific purpose, such as searching, sorting, and recombining data. Databases are stored in files."  (Jim Joseph, "Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services Unleashed", 2009)

"A collection of information organized in tables." (Jim Joseph et al, "Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Reporting Services Unleashed", 2009)

"A collection of records stored in a computer in a systematic way, so that a computer program can consult it to answer questions. For better retrieval and sorting, each record is usually organized as a set of data elements (facts). The items retrieved in answer to queries become information that can be used to make decisions." (Robert J Mockler & Dorothy G. Dologite, "Medical IT Systems and Their Effect on Human Resources", 2009)

"A collection of related information. The information held in the database is stored in an organised way so that specific items can be selected and retrieved quickly." (Yanqing Duan & Mark Xu, "Decision Support Systems in Small Businesses", 2009)

"A database is a tool that stores data, and lets you create, read, update, and delete the data in some manner." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2009)

"An entity that holds data in some useful way and provides CRUD methods." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2009)

"A collection of interrelated stored data that serves the needs of multiple users; a collection of tables in the relational model." (Toby J Teorey, ", Database Modeling and Design 4th Ed", 2010)

"An organized collection of data, usually in digital form."  (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures" 2nd Ed, 2012)

"A computer system intended to store large amounts of information reliably and in an organized fashion. Most databases provide users with convenient access to the data, along with helpful search capabilities." (Marcia Kaufman et al, "Big Data For Dummies", 2013)

"A structured collection of units of data organized around some topic or theme" (Daniel Linstedt & W H Inmon, "Data Architecture: A Primer for the Data Scientist", 2014)

"Systematically organized or structured repository of indexed information that allows easy retrieval, updating, analysis, and output of data." (Siddhartha Duggirala, "Big Data Architecture: Storage and Computation", 2014)

"A collection of interrelated persistent information stored and organized as a unit in order to serve a specific purpose and satisfy the demands of a set of users. A database can be considered to be an electronic filling system stored on mass-storage systems such as magnetic tape or disk. A database is one component of a database management system." (Ioannis Kouris et al, "Indexing and Compressing Text", 2015)

"a computer system intended to store large amounts of information reliably and in an organized fashion. Most databases provide users convenient access to the data, along with helpful search capabilities." (Judith S Hurwitz, "Cognitive Computing and Big Data Analytics", 2015)

"A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways." (Ronald R Yager & Rachel L Yager, "Fuzzy Social Network Modeling for Influencing Consumer Behavior", 2015)

"Collection of information or data organized together, with individual element having the same set of fields. It is a component of the database management system." (Hamid R Arabnia et al, "Application of Big Data for National Security", 2015)

"Essentially, a collection of tables or lists." (E C Nelson & Stephen L Nelson, "Excel Data Analysis For Dummies ", 2015)

"A set of data contained in a location on a network, computer, or server. Typically, different data sets are stored in different databases. Examples of these databases include inventory, selling price point, and sales, divided into total dollar sales and unit sales."  (Brittany Bullard, "Style and Statistics", 2016)

"A physical set of data records." (Andrew Pham et al, "From Business Strategy to Information Technology Roadmap", 2016)

"A collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and updated." (Jonathan Ferrar et al, "The Power of People: Learn How Successful Organizations Use Workforce Analytics To Improve Business Performance", 2017)

"A database is a collection of information (data) that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. It is the collection of schemes, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects. The data is typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images." (Alessandra Meschini et al, "Expanded Cultural Heritage Representation: Digital Applications for Mixed-Reality Experiences", 2017)

"A collection of data related to a common subject organized in a known structure (the currently used database is a relational database)." (Dan Ophir, "Visualization and Storage of Big Data for Linguistic Applications", 2018)

"A collection of interrelated or independent data items that are stored together to serve one or more applications." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

"A set of related data tables and other database objects that are organized to serve a specific purpose." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

"A database is a piece of software used to organize data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system."  (Piethein Strengholt, "Data Management at Scale", 2020)

"A complex combination of structured data in tables that relate to one another, allowing the interactive management of information with automatic implementations, quick updates and specific interrogations." (Cristina Boido et al, "Digital Tools Aimed to Represent Urban Survey", 2021)

"A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways." (Ingrid N Pinto-López, "Fuzzy Reliability Theory: A Bibliometric-Based Review", 2021)

"A digital collection of data stored via a certain technique." (Analytics Insight)

🛢DBMS: Static SQL (Definitions)

[static query:] "A previously saved query that is optimized for a particular execution plan. The opposite of an ad hoc query." (Microsoft Corporation, "Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 Data Warehouse Training Kit", 2000)

"SQL that has been compiled prior to execution." (Ajay Gupta et al, "Informix Dynamic Server 11", 2007)

"SQL statements in an application that do not change at runtime and, therefore, can be hard-coded into the application." (John Goodson & Robert A Steward, "The Data Access Handbook", 2009)

[Static embedded SQL:] "Embedded SQL in which the entire SQL statement can be specified when the program is written, allowing the statement to be precompiled before the program is executed." (Jan L Harrington, "SQL Clearly Explained” 3rd Ed. , 2010)

[static query:] "A stored, precompiled SQL query, optimized for access against a particular database design." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"A style of embedded SQL in which the SQL statements do not change while the application is running." (Carlos Coronel et al, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management" 9th Ed., 2011)

"SQL statements, embedded within a program, that are prepared during the program preparation process (before the program is executed). After being prepared, the SQL statement does not change (although values of host variables specified by the statement might change." (Kirsten A Larsen et al, "Extremely pureXML in DB2 10 for z/OS", 2011)

"SQL queries that are preprocessed and whose access paths are determined during the bind procedure, prior to execution." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration", 2012)

"SQL statements that are embedded within a program and are bound before the program is executed. After being bound, a static SQL statement does not change, although values of host variables specified by the statement can change. " (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

"A program where access to the database has been predetermined by the programmer and any input from the user will not change this access pattern. Put another way, all SQL statements are already part of the program when it is executed." (Microfocus)

"A type of embedded SQL in which SQL statements are hard-coded and compiled when the rest of the program is compiled." (Microsoft) 

"It is called static SQL because the SQL statements in the program are static; that is, they do not change each time the program is run."  (Microsoft) [source]

🛢DBMS: Dynamic SQL (Definitions)

"Dynamic SQL is a method of binding between an application program, in one of a number of standard programming languages, and an SQL-implementation." (ISO/IEC 9075-1, 1999)

"In Embedded SQL for C, a SQL statement built and executed at run time." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"SQL that is interpreted during execution of the statement." (Ajay Gupta et al, "Informix Dynamic Server 11", 2007)

"A SQL statement built and executed at runtime by concatenating different parts of the statement based on provided variables." (Darril Gibson, "MCITP SQL Server 2005 Database Developer All-in-One Exam Guide", 2008)

"[...] dynamic SQL is a means of constructing SQL statements as strings in your server-side (or even client-side) applications and executing them dynamically, on the fly. When used properly, dynamic SQL can be used to generate complex queries at runtime, in some cases improve performance, and do tasks that just aren't possible (or are extremely difficult) in standard, nondynamic T-SQL." (Michael Coles, "Pro T-SQL 2008 Programmer's Guide", 2008)

"SQL statements that are constructed at runtime; for example, the application may allow users to enter their own queries. These types of SQL statements are not hard-coded into the application. See also static SQL." (John Goodson & Robert A Steward, "The Data Access Handbook", 2009)

[Dynamic embedded SQL:] "Embedded SQL in which the entire SQL statement cannot be assembled prior to running the program. The SQL statement is therefore completed and processed during the program run." (Jan L Harrington, "SQL Clearly Explained” 3rd Ed., 2010)

"A term used to describe an environment in which the SQL statement is not known in advance, but instead is generated at run time. In a dynamic SQL environment, a program can generate the SQL statements at run time that are required to respond to ad hoc queries." (Carlos Coronel et al, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management” 9th Ed., 2011)

"Dynamically constructed SQL queries that are not pre-processed, and whose access paths are determined at run time prior to execution." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"SQL statements that are prepared and executed within an application program while the program is executing. In dynamic SQL, the SQL source is contained in host language variables rather than being coded into the application program. The SQL statement can change several times during the application program's execution." (Kirsten A Larsen et al, "Extremely pureXML in DB2 10 for z/OS", 2011)

"SQL queries that are not preprocessed and whose access paths are determined at run time right before execution." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration", 2012)

"Allows an Embedded SQL or Client-Library application to execute SQL statements containing variables whose values are determined at runtime." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

[dynamic SQL statements:] "An SQL statement that is prepared and executed at run time. In dynamic SQL, the SQL statement is contained as a character string in a host variable and is not precompiled." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

"A feature that lets you create and execute prepared statements using more robust, secure, and efficient methods to substitute parameter values than the naive technique of concatenating the parts of the statement into a string variable." (MySQL)

"A program in which user input determines how the program interacts with the database. Put another way, the SQL statements are not part of the program when it is launched; instead they are built as the program runs." (Microfocus)

"A type of embedded SQL in which SQL statements are created and compiled at run time." (Microsoft) 

"Dynamic SQL is a programming technique that enables you to build SQL statements dynamically at runtime. You can create more general purpose, flexible applications by using dynamic SQL because the full text of a SQL statement may be unknown at compilation." (Oracle) [source]

"Dynamic SQL is an application that uses dynamic code to increase flexibility in querying a database. Dynamic code is generated at execution of a SQL application by inserting statements into variables." (Idera) [source]

🛢DBMS: Database Administrator [DBA] (Definitions)

"The person responsible for creating, installing, configuring, and maintaining databases. Often the system administrator serves as the database administrator." (Microsoft Corporation, "Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 Data Warehouse Training Kit", 2000)

"An individual responsible for management of an RDBMS. Responsibilities may include user management, indexing, tuning, and backup and recovery." (Christopher Adamson, "Mastering Data Warehouse Aggregates", 2006)

"A person or group of people responsible for the design and supervision of a data base." (S. Sumathi & S. Esakkirajan, "Fundamentals of Relational Database Management Systems", 2007)

"An individual responsible for the installation, configuration, administration, monitoring, and maintenance of the DBMS and its physical databases." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration", 2012)

"The person who manages a database. The administrator determines the content, internal structure, and access strategy for a database, defines security and integrity, and monitors performance." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

"One who is responsible for databases used in the business environment; duties might include performing database updates, tuning database performance, coordinating on server hardware and OS issues, defining backup and restore strategies, and of course, security." (Mike Harwood, "Internet Security: How to Defend Against Attackers on the Web" 2nd Ed., 2015)

"The person (or persons) who has (have) the highest possible privileges inside the Oracle database, responsible for its care and feeding, and accountable if there is a loss or corruption of data. In charge of tasks such as space allocation, overall performance tuning, database security and privilege allocation, and physical database design. Some DBAs also perform dual duty as application developers." (Bill Pribyl & Steven Feuerstein, "Learning Oracle PL/SQL", 2001)

"The organizational function charged with the day-to-day monitoring and care of the databases. The DBA function is more closely associated with physical database design than the DA [Data Administrator] is." (William H Inmon, "Building the Data Warehouse", 2005)

"The person in a software organization who is in charge of designing, creating, and maintaining the databases of an enterprise. The DBA makes use of a variety of software tools provided by a DBMS." (Toby J Teorey, ", Database Modeling and Design" 4th Ed., 2010)

"The IT professional role responsible for database administration, usually in the context of a particular DBMS, hence often prefixed with the name of the DBMS, e.g., Oracle DBA. Functional responsibilities vary based on further definitions." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"The person responsible for planning, organizing, controlling, and monitoring the centralized and shared corporate database. The DBA is the general manager of the database administration department." (Carlos Coronel et al, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management" 9th Ed", 2011)

"A person who is responsible for the design, development, operation, maintenance, and use of a database." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

"A person who has the responsibility for maintaining a database." (Jan L Harrington, "Relational Database Design and Implementation" 3rd Ed., 2009)

🛢DBMS: Cursors (Definitions)

"A symbolic name associated with a Transact-SQL select statement through a declaration statement. Cursors consist of two parts: the cursor result set and the cursor position." (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"Database objects with which applications manipulate data by rows instead of by sets. Using cursors, multiple operations can be performed row-by-row against a result set with or without returning to the original table. For example, a cursor can generate a list of all user-defined table names within a database. Cursors are extremely powerful when combined with stored procedures and the EXECUTE statement." (Patrick Dalton, "Microsoft SQL Server Black Book", 1997)

"An object used to navigate through  records." (Rob Scrimger et al, "MCSE TestPrep: SQL Server 6.5  Administration", 1998)

"A database object used by applications to manipulate data by rows instead of by sets. Using cursors, multiple operations can be performed row by row against a result set with or without returning to the original table. In other words, cursors conceptually return a result set based on tables within the database(s)." (Microsoft Corporation, "Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"An entity that maps over a result set and establishes a position on a single row within the result set. After the cursor is positioned on a row, operations can be performed on that row, or on a block of rows starting at that position. The most common operation is to fetch (retrieve) the current row or block of rows." (Microsoft Corporation, "Microsoft SQL Server 2000 System Administration", 2001)

"A marker that indicates the current position within a result set." (Peter Gulutzan & Trudy Pelzer, "SQL Performance Tuning", 2002)

"An entity that maps over a result set and establishes a position on a single row within the result set." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A construct that holds a rowset from a SELECT statement, which can then be stepped through row by row for various operations." (Thomas Moore, "EXAM CRAM™ 2: Designing and Implementing Databases with SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition", 2005)

"Queries in SQL Server return a block of rows called a recordset . A cursor is a subset of a recordset with the added ability to move back and forth through the records." (Joseph L Jorden & Dandy Weyn, "MCTS Microsoft SQL Server 2005: Implementation and Maintenance Study Guide - Exam 70-431", 2006)

"A pointer to the result set of a query. Clients can iterate through a cursor to retrieve results." (MongoDb, 2008)

"An object that allows a program to work through the records returned by a query one at a time. Some databases allow cursors to move forward and backward through the set of returned records whereas others allow only forward movement." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Database Design Solutions", 2008)

"A moving placement or pointer that indicates a position, used in programs to overcome the impedance mismatch between SQL (set-at-a-time processing) and application programs (record-at-a-time processing)." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration", 2012)

"A database element that controls record navigation, updateability of data, and the visibility of changes made to the database by other users." (Microsoft) 

"A handle or name for a private SQL area in the PGA. Because cursors are closely associated with private SQL areas, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably." (Oracle)

"A named control structure used by an application program to point to and select a row of data from a set." (IBM)

"A piece of software that returns rows of data to the application." (Microsoft) 

"A symbolic name that is associated with a SQL statement. In Embedded SQL, a cursor is a data selector that passes multiple rows of data to the host program, one row at a time." (Sybase)

"An embedded SQL query that returns multiple rows." (Microfocus) 

"An internal MySQL data structure that represents the result set of an SQL statement. Often used with prepared statements and dynamic SQL. It works like an iterator in other high-level languages, producing each value from the result set as requested." (MySQL)

🛢DBMS: Unique Index (Definitions)

"Indexes which do not permit any two rows in the specified columns to have the same value. SQL Server checks for duplicate values when you create the index (if data already exists) and each time data is added." (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"Restricts duplicate values in a column." (Owen Williams, "MCSE TestPrep: SQL Server 6.5 Design and Implementation", 1998)

"An index in which no two rows are permitted to have the same index value, thus prohibiting duplicate index or key values. The system checks for duplicate key values when the index is created and checks each time data is added with an INSERT or UPDATE statement." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"An index with perfect selectivity, that is, an index with no duplicate values allowed. Standard SQL allows multiple NULLs in a unique index, since a NULL is not considered to be equal to any other value, including another NULL. Many DBMSs, however, accept only one NULL in a unique index. Some DBMSs won't allow even a single NULL." (Peter Gulutzan & Trudy Pelzer, "SQL Performance Tuning", 2002)

"A b-tree index whose keys are not duplicated." (Bob Bryla, "Oracle Database Foundations", 2004)

"This is a special index that prevents users from inserting the same value into a column (or columns) more than once." (Joseph L Jorden & Dandy Weyn, "MCTS Microsoft SQL Server 2005: Implementation and Maintenance Study Guide - Exam 70-431", 2006)

"An index that enforces uniqueness for a particular field across a single collection." (MongoDb, "Glossary", 2008)

"Sometimes created explicitly by the user, and sometimes created automatically by the database server. By guaranteeing one-and-only-one value for a given table, this structure speeds access to information and preserves data integrity." (Robert D. Schneider and Darril Gibson, "Microsoft SQL Server 2008 All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies", 2008)

"An index in which no two rows are permitted to have the same index value, thus prohibiting duplicate index or key values." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary,", 2012)

"An index that ensures that no identical key values are stored in a column or a set of columns in a table." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

🛢DBMS: CLR stored procedure (Definitions)

 "A stored procedure that is created by referencing a SQL Server assembly. The implementation of the CLR stored procedure is defined in an assembly that is created in the .NET Framework CLR." (Thomas Moore, "MCTS 70-431: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2005", 2006)

"A stored procedure created against a SQL Server assembly whose implementation is defined in an assembly created in the .NET Framework common language runtime (CLR)." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

🛢DBMS: Table-Valued Functions [TVFs] (Definitions)

"a function that returns a result set because it returns a SELECT statement from a table." (Joseph L Jorden & Dandy Weyn, "MCTS Microsoft SQL Server 2005: Implementation and Maintenance Study Guide - Exam 70-431", 2006)

"User-defined function in which a table is returned as a result, as opposed to a single data value." (Sara Morganand & Tobias Thernstrom , MCITP Self-Paced Training Kit : Designing and Optimizing Data Access by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - Exam 70-442, 2007)

"A user-defined function that returns a table." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

🛢DBMS: System Stored Procedure (Definitions)

"Stored procedures that SQL Server supplies for use in system administration. These procedures are provided as shortcuts for retrieving information from the system tables, or mechanisms for accomplishing database administration and other tasks that involve updating system tables." (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"A SQL Server-supplied, precompiled collection of Transact-SQL statements. System stored procedures are provided as shortcuts for retrieving information from system tables or as mechanisms for accomplishing database administration and other tasks that involve updating system tables. The names of all system stored procedures begin with sp_. System stored procedures are located in the master database and are owned by the system administrator, but many of them can be run from any database. If a system stored procedure is executed in a database other than master, it operates on the system tables in the database from which it is executed. You can write stored procedures (called user-defined stored procedures), which can be executed from any database." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"A set of SQL Server-supplied stored procedures that can be used for actions such as retrieving information from the system catalog or performing administration tasks." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A type of stored procedure that supports all of the administrative tasks required to run a SQL Server system." (SQL Server 2012 Glossary, "Microsoft", 2012)

🛢DBMS: Remote Stored Procedure (Definitions)

 "A collection of SQL statements and optional control-of-flow statements stored under a name on a remote server. Remote stored procedures can be called by clients or by SQL Server." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"A stored procedure located on one instance of SQL Server that is executed by a statement on another instance of SQL Server. In SQL Server 2000, remote stored procedures are supported, but distributed queries offer greater functionality." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A stored procedure located on one instance of SQL Server that is executed by a statement on another instance of SQL Server." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

🛢DBMS: Materialized View (Definitions)

"A view whose rows take up space. When you select from a view, the DBMS can elect to do one of two things: (a) it can get the rows from the original table, convert any derived columns, and pass the results to the application or (b) it can create a temporary table and put the rows from the original table(s) into the temporary table, then select from the temporary copy. The latter case results in a materialized view. Materialization is often necessary when there is no one-to-one correspondence between the original table's rows and the view's rows (because there is a grouping) or when many tables are affected and concurrency would be harmed (because there is a join)." (Peter Gulutzan & Trudy Pelzer, "SQL Performance Tuning", 2002)

"A view that stores the results of the query the view is based on, in addition to the SQL join statement of the view itself. Materialized views may be refreshed manually (on demand), on a regular basis, or when there is a change in the underlying tables on which that view is based." (Bob Bryla, "Oracle Database Foundations", 2004)

"A physically preconstructed view of data containing data copied into the materialized view. Materialized views can be highly efficient in read-only environments and are often used for replication, distribution and in data warehouses." (Gavin Powell, "Beginning Database Design", 2006)

"A view that physically exists through a number of underlying indexes that have been created on it." (Marilyn Miller-White et al, "MCITP Administrator: Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2005 Optimization and Maintenance 70-444", 2007)

"A dynamic table that not only contains the SQL query command to generate the rows but also stores the actual rows. The materialized view is created the first time the query is run and the summary rows are stored in the table. The materialized view rows are automatically updated when the base tables are updated." (Carlos Coronel et al, "Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management 9th Ed", 2011)

"A view that is actually stored as a separate object in order to optimize performance." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"A view in which the query result is cached as a concrete table that may be updated from the original base tables from time to time." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

"A schema object that stores a query result. All materialized views are either read-only or updatable." (Oracle, "Database SQL Tuning Guide Glossary", 2013)

"An optimized database object that contains the results of a query. Materialized views can be considered as a form of caching." (Piethein Strengholt, "Data Management at Scale", 2020)

🛢DBMS: Schemas (Definitions)

"A description of a database generated by the data definition language (DDL) of the database management system (DBMS)." (Microsoft Corporation, "SQL Server 7.0 System Administration Training Kit", 1999)

"The structure of a database, which includes the definitions of the objects. The database schema includes the tables, columns, defaults, indexes, and relationships." (Microsoft Corporation, "Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 Data Warehouse Training Kit", 2000)

"Database schema refers to the names of tables, fields, data types, and primary and foreign keys of a database. Database schema is also known as the database structure." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A group of related database objects assigned to a database user. A schema contains tables, views, indexes, sequences, and SQL code. The schema name can be used to qualify objects that are not owned by the user referencing the objects." (Bob Bryla, "Oracle Database Foundations", 2004)

"In the SQL-92 standard, a collection of database objects that are owned by a single user and form a single namespace. A namespace is a set of objects that cannot have duplicate names" (Thomas Moore, "EXAM CRAM™ 2: Designing and Implementing Databases with SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition", 2005)

"A description of data that provides context and structure. There are many types of schemas, including database schemas and XML schemas." (Tom Petrocelli, "Data Protection and Information Lifecycle Management", 2005)

"The design of the physical database that defines the tables in the database that correspond to physical data objects. The physical database schema is often referred to by CDI vendors as their data model." (Jill Dyché & Evan Levy, "Customer Data Integration: Reaching a Single Version of the Truth", 2006)

"A grouping mechanism for objects inside a database. A schema is owned by a user, and various users can be assigned permission to use objects in a schema. In SQL Server 2005 the schema is separated from the object owner and is used as the third part of the four-part naming system for objects, which is server.database.schema.object." (Marilyn Miller-White et al, "MCITP Administrator: Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2005 Optimization and Maintenance 70-444", 2007)

"A group of database objects that make up a given namespace. Objects include tables, views, and statements that grant or revoke access to other securable objects. No two objects in any namespace can have the same name." (Robert D. Schneider and Darril Gibson, "Microsoft SQL Server 2008 All-In-One Desk Reference For Dummies", 2008)

"In SQL Server 2000, the schema identified the model of the database. For example, the tables, VIEWs, data types, and so on would be identified as the schema. In SQL Server 2005, the term schema is used to identify a collection of database entities within a single namespace. Schemas are the owners of the objects, and one or more users can be the owners of schemas." (Darril Gibson, "MCITP SQL Server 2005 Database Developer All-in-One Exam Guide", 2008)

"A collection of tables that forms a database." (Paulraj Ponniah, "Data Warehousing Fundamentals for IT Professionals", 2010)

"A conceptual data model that shows all the relationships among the data elements under consideration in a given context; the collection of table definitions in a relational database." (Toby J Teorey, "Database Modeling and Design" 4th Ed, 2010)

"In database design theory, the overall logical design of a database. In a SQL DBMS, a group of tables and supporting elements such as views and indexes." (Jan L Harrington, "SQL Clearly Explained 3rd Ed. ", 2010)

"(1) The logical or physical definition of data elements, physical characteristics, and relationships. (2) The diagram representing a logical data model." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures 2nd Ed", 2012)

"The names of tables, fields, data types, and primary and foreign keys of a database." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

🛢DBMS: Clustered Index [CI[ (Definitions)

"An index in which the physical order and the logical (indexed) order is the same. The leaf level of a clustered index represents the data pages themselves." (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"A clustered index forces the rows in a table to be physically stored in sorted order, using one or more columns from the table to sort the rows. A table may have only one clustered index, such as a dictionary." (Owen Williams, "MCSE TestPrep: SQL Server 6.5 Design and Implementation", 1998)

"An index that the DBMS uses to determine the order of data rows, according to values in one or more columns, called the cluster key. With a strong-clustered index, the data pages are the index's leaves and are thus always in order. With a weak-clustered index, data pages are separate from index leaf pages and the rows need not be 100% in order. The terms weak clustered index and strong-clustered index are not common usage; they appear only in this book." (Peter Gulutzan & Trudy Pelzer, "SQL Performance Tuning", 2002)

"An index in which the logical order of the key values determines the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A clustered index in SQL Server is a type of index in which the logical order of key values determines the actual data rows; thereby the data rows are kept sorted. Using a clustered index causes the actual data rows to move into the leaf level of the index." (Thomas Moore, "EXAM CRAM™ 2: Designing and Implementing Databases with SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition", 2005)

"This is an index that physically rearranges the data that is inserted into your tables." (Joseph L Jorden & Dandy Weyn, "MCTS Microsoft SQL Server 2005: Implementation and Maintenance Study Guide - Exam 70-431", 2006)

"An index whose leaf level is the actual data page of the table." (Sara Morganand & Tobias Thernstrom , "MCITP Self-Paced Training Kit : Designing and Optimizing Data Access by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - Exam 70-442", 2007)

"An index in which the logical order of the key values determines the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

"This is an index that contains a table’s row data in its leaf-level nodes." (Jay Natarajan et al, "Pro T-SQL 2012 Programmer's Guide" 3rd Ed, 2012)

"An index that contains a table’s row data in its leaf-level nodes." (Miguel Cebollero et al, "Pro T-SQL Programmer’s Guide" 4th Ed, 2015)

"An index whose sequence of key values closely corresponds to the sequence of rows stored in a table. The degree of correspondence is measured by statistics that are used by the optimizer." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

🛢DBMS: Clustered Index [CI] (Definitions)

"An index in which the physical order and the logical (indexed) order is the same. The leaf level of a clustered index represents the data pages themselves." (Karen Paulsell et al, "Sybase SQL Server: Performance and Tuning Guide", 1996)

"An index that the DBMS uses to determine the order of data rows, according to values in one or more columns, called the cluster key. With a strong-clustered index, the data pages are the index's leaves and are thus always in order. With a weak-clustered index, data pages are separate from index leaf pages and the rows need not be 100% in order. The terms weak clustered index and strong-clustered index are not common usage; they appear only in this book." (Peter Gulutzan & Trudy Pelzer, "SQL Performance Tuning", 2002)

"An index in which the logical order of the key values determines the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table." (Anthony Sequeira & Brian Alderman, "The SQL Server 2000 Book", 2003)

"A clustered index in SQL Server is a type of index in which the logical order of key values determines the actual data rows; thereby the data rows are kept sorted. Using a clustered index causes the actual data rows to move into the leaf level of the index." (Thomas Moore, "EXAM CRAM™ 2: Designing and Implementing Databases with SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition", 2005)

"This is an index that physically rearranges the data that is inserted into your tables." (Joseph L Jorden & Dandy Weyn, "MCTS Microsoft SQL Server 2005: Implementation and Maintenance Study Guide - Exam 70-431", 2006)

"A type of index in which the logical order of key values determines the actual order of the data rows and keeps the data rows sorted. Using a clustered index causes the actual data rows to move into the leaf level of the index." (Thomas Moore, "MCTS 70-431: Implementing and Maintaining Microsoft SQL Server 2005", 2006)

"A SQL Server index where the sorted order is the physical order. A table can have only a single clustered index." (Marilyn Miller-White et al, "MCITP Administrator: Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2005 Optimization and Maintenance 70-444", 2007)

"An index whose leaf level is the actual data page of the table." (Sara Morganand & Tobias Thernstrom , "MCITP Self-Paced Training Kit : Designing and Optimizing Data Access by Using Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - Exam 70-442", 2007)

"This is an index that contains a table's row data in its leaf-level nodes." (Michael Coles, "Pro T-SQL 2008 Programmer's Guide", 2008)

"An index in which the logical order of the key values determines the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table." (Microsoft, "SQL Server 2012 Glossary", 2012)

"This is an index that contains a table’s row data in its leaf-level nodes." (Jay Natarajan et al, "Pro T-SQL 2012 Programmer's Guide" 3rd Ed, 2012)

"An index whose sequence of key values closely corresponds to the sequence of rows stored in a table. The degree of correspondence is measured by statistics that are used by the optimizer." (Sybase, "Open Server Server-Library/C Reference Manual", 2019)

"A special type of index used to optimize queries. Tables can have only one clustered index. The data is ordered the same way the index is ordered. It's similar to a dictionary or a phone book. When you find the word or name, you're pointed right at the data." (Darril Gibson, "MCITP SQL Server 2005 Database Developer All-in-One Exam Guide", 2008)