🌁Software Engineering: Algorithm (Definitions)

"(1) A finite set of well-defined rules for the solution of a problem in a finite number of steps; for example, a complete specification of a sequence of arithmetic operations for evaluating sine x to a given precision. (2) Any sequence of operations for performing a specific task."(IEEE, "IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology", 1990)

"A computational procedure; a neural net training algorithm is a step by step procedure for setting the weights of the net. Training algorithms are also known as learning rules." (Laurene V Fausett, "Fundamentals of Neural Networks: Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications", 1994)

"A process or rule a machine uses for processing." (Patrick Dalton, "Microsoft SQL Server Black Book", 1997)

"A series of steps or expressions that solves a problem." (Microsoft Corporation, "Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 Data Warehouse Training Kit", 2000)

"A common procedure or step-by-step methodology for performing a specific task and producing desired results." (Greg Perry, "Sams Teach Yourself Beginning Programming in 24 Hours" 2nd Ed., 2001)

"open, cyclic, or arbitrarily structured sequence of exactly defined unconditional or conditional instructions." (Teuvo Kohonen, "Self-Organizing Maps" 3rd Ed., 2001)

"A set of statements organized to solve a problem in a finite number of steps." (Margaret Y Chu, "Blissful Data ", 2004)

"A set of rules for the solution of a problem in a finite number of steps; for example, a complete specification of a sequence of arithmetic operations for calculating a numeric value to a given precision." (Richard D Stutzke, "Estimating Software-Intensive Systems: Projects, Products, and Processes", 2005)

"A set of statements organized to solve a problem in a finite number of steps." (William H Inmon, "Building the Data Warehouse", 2005)

"A computer program (or procedure) that is a step-by-step procedure, solving a problem, in a finite number of steps." (Gavin Powell, "Beginning Database Design", 2006)

"An algorithm is a finite sequence of instructions for solving a particular problem or performing a task. In terms of cryptography, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for encrypting, decrypting, or calculating cryptographic hashes from data." (Michael Coles & Rodney Landrum, , "Expert SQL Server 2008 Encryption", 2008)

"A formula or procedure for solving a problem or carrying out a task. An algorithm is a set of steps in a very specific order, such as a mathematical formula or the instructions in a computer program." (J P Getty Trust, "Introduction to Metadata" 2nd Ed, 2008)

"Sets of steps, operations, or procedures that will produce a particular outcome; like a recipe." (Robert Nisbet et al, "Handbook of statistical analysis and data mining applications", 2009)

"A mathematical rule for solving a problem; a predetermined set of rules used to solve a problem in a finite number of steps." (Linda Volonino & Efraim Turban, "Information Technology for Management 8th Ed", 2011)

"A set of rules or steps that will result in a defined end from a defined start." (DAMA International, "The DAMA Dictionary of Data Management", 2011)

"A well-defined sequence of steps, explained clearly enough that even a computer could do them." (Jon Orwant et al, "Programming Perl" 4th Ed., 2012)

"A finite series of well-defined steps that achieve a desired outcome. These steps may be deterministic or include random or probabilistic elements." (Evan Stubbs, "Delivering Business Analytics: Practical Guidelines for Best Practice", 2013)

"A finite series of well-defined steps that achieve a desired outcome. These steps may be deterministic or include random or probabilistic elements." (Evan Stubbs, "Big Data, Big Innovation", 2014)

"The instructions that govern the flow of activity in a procedure" (Daniel Linstedt & W H Inmon, "Data Architecture: A Primer for the Data Scientist", 2014)

"A mathematical formula used to analyze data." (Jason Williamson, "Getting a Big Data Job For Dummies", 2015)

"A software recipe that explains how to solve a particular programming problem." (Rod Stephens, "Beginning Software Engineering", 2015)

"A step-by-step description of a specific process, procedure, or method." (Judith S Hurwitz, "Cognitive Computing and Big Data Analytics", 2015)

"Unambiguous instructions for solving a problem or subproblem in a finite amount of time using a finite amount of data" (Nell Dale & John Lewis, "Computer Science Illuminated" 6th Ed., 2015)

"A sequence of unambiguous instructions that solve a problem, within a finite amount of time, given a set of valid input" (Nell Dale et al, "Object-Oriented Data Structures Using Java" 4th Ed., 2016)

"Finite sequence of operations feasible, unambiguous, the execution gives a solution to a problem. Or what is easier to say, an instruction to do something. Featured on the new design processes to systematize computer graphics operations." (Mauro Chiarella, "Folds and Refolds: Space Generation, Shapes, and Complex Components", 2016)

"A sequence of clearly defined steps that describe a process to follow a finite set of unambiguous instructions with clear start and end points." (Karl Beecher, "Computational Thinking - A beginner's guide to problem-solving and programming", 2017)

"A step-by-step set of rules to follow in calculations to meet analytical objectives such as prediction or classification." (Jonathan Ferrar et al, "The Power of People: Learn How Successful Organizations Use Workforce Analytics To Improve Business Performance", 2017)

"A set of rules for calculating results or solving problems that have been programmed for use in a model-driven DSS." (Ciara Heavin & Daniel J Power, "Decision Support, Analytics, and Business Intelligence" 3rd Ed., 2017)

"A set of computational rules to be followed to solve a mathematical problem. More recently, the term has been adopted to refer to a process to be followed, often by a computer." (Soraya Sedkaoui, "Big Data Analytics for Entrepreneurial Success", 2018)

"A step-by-step recipe that you follow to achieve a goal, not unlike baking a cake." (Terrence J Sejnowski, "The Deep Learning Revolution", 2018)

"An algorithm is a procedure that solves a given problem by a finite number of steps. A problem solved by an algorithm is said computable ." (Crescenzio Gallo, "Building Gene Networks by Analyzing Gene Expression Profiles", 2018)

"a rule or formula that takes input variables and produces an output, such as a prediction, a classification, or a probability" ((David Spiegelhalter, "The Art of Statistics: Learning from Data", 2019)

"An algorithm is a well-defined procedure that allows a computer to solve a problem. A particular problem can typically be solved by more than one algorithm. Optimization is the process of finding the most efficient algorithm for a given task." (Edward T Chen, "Deep Learning and Sustainable Telemedicine", 2020)

"An algorithm is an ordered, accurate step-by-step process for a problem that provides a solution in a finite number of steps and that is unambiguous." (Hari K Kondaveeti et al, "Deep Learning Applications in Agriculture: The Role of Deep Learning in Smart Agriculture", 2021)

"Rules that allow AI to learn patterns in the data, classify, and to predict." (Sujata Ramnarayan, "Marketing and Artificial Intelligence: Personalization at Scale", 2021)

 "A set of rules and operations optimized for a specific outcome." (Forrester)

🌁Software Engineering: Architecture (Definitions)

"The organizational structure of a system or component." (IEEE, "IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology", 1990)

"The structure (components, connections, and constraints) of a product, process, or element. The architecture of a particular application is defined by the classes and the interrelation of the classes. At another level, the architecture of a system is determined by the arrangement of the hardware and software components. The terms logical architecture and physical architecture are often used to emphasize this distinction." (Atul Apte, "Java Connector Architecture: Building Custom Connectors and Adapters", 2002)

"A term used to designate the structure/foundation of a computer system and its applications." (Margaret Y Chu, "Blissful Data ", 2004)

"A framework defining key elements of a product that includes the hardware (platform) and software components, their partitioning (structures, arrangement, and relations), and the rules governing the interactions (data transfer, control, error handling) between these components, and between these components and external entities (users and other systems). Partitioning describes the (static) structure and relations between the components, including (a) which software components reside on which hardware components, and (b) the nature and scope of each component (i.e., the functions and data allocated to each component). The rules for the dynamic interaction of the components include error detection, propagation, and handling; interprocess communication and synchronization; human/machine interactions ('look and feel'); fundamental data elements (definition, allowed values, range, precision, default value, internal representation, units of measure; standard coordinate systems; internal units of measure; and physical models. May optionally define design and construction constraints (e.g., specific COTS components to be used)." (Richard D Stutzke, "Estimating Software-Intensive Systems: Projects, Products, and Processes", 2005)

"The science or art of building. This includes the designing and planning process that occurs in problem solving." (Sharon Allen & Evan Terry, "Beginning Relational Data Modeling" 2nd Ed., 2005)

"In information processing, the design approach taken for developing a program or system." (Judith Hurwitz et al, "Service Oriented Architecture For Dummies" 2nd Ed., 2009)

"The specification of the largest-scale design optimization decisions for a system. This is divided into five primary views: subsystem and component architecture, concurrency and resource architecture, distribution architecture, safety and reliability architecture, and deployment architecture." (Bruce P Douglass, "Real-Time Agility", 2009)

[reference architecture:] "Provides a proven template of an architecture for a particular domain that contains the supporting artifacts to enable their reuse." (Martin Oberhofer et al, "The Art of Enterprise Information Architecture", 2010)

"An organized set of consensus decisions on policies, principles, services, common solutions, standards, and guidelines as well as specific vendor products and technologies used to provide information technology (IT)." (Craig S Mullins, "Database Administration", 2012)

"In information processing, the design approach taken in developing a program or system. " (Marcia Kaufman et al, "Big Data For Dummies", 2013)

[application architecture:] "Enterprise architecture domain focused on the logical knowledge of applications, their links, and their positioning in the system. By extension, the logical structure of the IS, which can include SOA components, data repositories, or elements to interface with the outside world." (Gilbert Raymond & Philippe Desfray, "Modeling Enterprise Architecture with TOGAF", 2014)

"Reference architecture serves as a blueprint for all enterprise information management (EIM) solutions in an enterprise. Therefore, it can be seen as the big picture view of information management for a given enterprise. The reference architecture has all the relevant solution components needed to build an end-to-end EIM solution for the enterprise and includes the layers - information sourcing, master information management, information integration and exchange, information warehousing, and reservoir and information delivery and consumption." (Saumya Chaki, "Enterprise Information Management in Practice", 2015)

"1.A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level, to guide its implementation (source: ISO/IEC 42010:2007). 2.The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time." (by Brian Johnson & Leon-Paul de Rouw, "Collaborative Business Design", 2017)

"The way the component parts of an entity are arranged, organized, and managed." (William Stallings, "Effective Cybersecurity: A Guide to Using Best Practices and Standards", 2018)

"The architecture of a software system (at a given point in time) is its organization or structure of significant components interacting through interfaces; these components comprise successively smaller components and interfaces." (Bruce MacIsaac & Per Kroll, "Agility and Discipline Made Easy: Practices from OpenUP and RUP", 2006)

"The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution." (ANSI/IEEE)

"The structure of a system or service, including the relationships of components to each other and to the environment they are in" (ITIL)